Marriage Visa: Adjustment of Status v. Consular Processing

In any marriage based immigrant petition, the first step is always to file an I-130 immigrant visa. The I-130, also know as a marriage visa, is filed by the U.S. citizen spouse. At time of filing the Petitioner will need to prove to USCIS that he/she and the foreign national entered the marriage in good faith and not strictly of immigration purposes. Proof can be provided in the form of evidence of the relationship prior to the marriage. Time and place of the marriage is usually not an issue with a marriage based visa petition.

The second step in the green card process is usually either Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing. If the foreign national is in the United States, he/she has the option of either filing for an adjustment of status here in the United States or applying for an immigrant visa at a Consulate abroad via consular processing. If foreign national decides to file for Adjustment of Status, he/she would file an AOS Application along with the I-130 Marriage Petition. Once the petition is filed, the foreign national may have restrictions on travel outside the U.S. He/she will have to apply for Advance Parole, a form of travel permission, before any travel outside the United States can take place. If the foreign national leaves without permission, the application is deemed abandoned. The foreign national would apply for Advance Parole along with the Adjustment of Status Application. Once both, I-130 and I-485, applications are processed the Petitioner and Beneficiary will have to submit to a joint marriage interview before an immigration officer. When approved, the foreign national’s passport will be stamped and he/she will receive a physical card in the mail. It is very important that any application for advance parole is filed prior to the expiration of the foreign national’s current I-94. It is important to note that if the foreign national has incurred any unlawful presence in the United States then any travel outside the United States, even with an approved advance parole, is prohibited. If the foreign national leaves the U.S. then he/she may become subject to the 3 or 10 year bar. Please consult a qualified visa attorney before making any travel arrangements.

If the foreign national decides to apply for an immigrant visa at a U.S. Consulate abroad, then the Petitioner would file what is called a stand alone I-130 Marriage Visa Application. Once the petition is approved, the application will be sent to the National Visa Center (NVC) for processing. NVC will request documentation and once submitted will send the application to the U.S. Embassy having jurisdiction over the Beneficiary’s place of residence. The foreign national will have to submit to an interview at the Embassy. Once interviewed and approved, the foreign national’s passport will be stamped and he/she will have six months within which to move to America. The foreign national will enter the United States as a green card holder and receive a physical card in the mail. Unlike the requirement to obtain an advance parole for travel, a foreign national with just a stand alone I-130 pending has no restrictions on travel. For example, foreign nationals from Visa Waiver countries have traveled in and out of the United States while their I-130s have been pending. They do have to show non-immigrant intent via ties to the foreign country including children, work commitments and a return ticket.

Visa Lawyer Group is an immigration law firm that provides legal assistance to clients around the world. Our immigration lawyers can be contacted to work on a variety of immigration related issues. For more information please schedule a free consultation, email us at info@visalawyergroup.com or call us at (845) 353-3500. Our immigration and visa lawyers are based in New York with offices in Nyack and Manhattan. Learn more about Visa Lawyer Group.